Chapter II – Oppidum
GENOA, G8 Summit, July 2001
During the G8 Summit, Genoa was transformed into a fortress with only an inside and an outside. A large part of the city was cordoned off; steel doors were erected; those who wanted to enter the cordoned–off area had to identify themselves, already two weeks prior to the summit. The sewers were sealed. The highway from Milano to Nice was closed for five days as were the train stations and the airport. The airspace was closed off within a radius of 50 kilometers and missile-defense systems were stationed. President Bush did not reside on the luxury liner in Genoa on which the other heads of state were staying, opting presumably for an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean instead. For five days, Genoa was at a standstill, out of order, so to speak.
Protests took place outside the red zone. The size of the protests matched the magnitude of the security precautions, not least because President Berlusconi’s strong warnings literally ended up attracting protesters. It was a hot July, and 250,000 protesters came to Genoa. For the first time, the anti–globalization movement was in the spotlight of the international media, not least because of the spectacular images. Cars went up in flames; teargas was freely used; and a protester was killed. Elite units raided sleeping protesters, mistreated them and held some of them captive for days. It remained unclear under whose command they were.
President Berlusconi remarked after the conference that in the future such meetings would probably no longer take place in cities, but on military bases and islands. Summit meetings as a means of attracting tourists were now a thing of the past. What was there to be photographed? Naturally, there had to be an iconic image of an activist of the type 2001, but then it was necessary to withdraw from the protest in order to not succumb to its predictably sensationalist temptations. The alternative was a stroll along the red zone, as close as possible to the actual conference location, the Palazzo Ducale—as close to power as possible.